Thursday, October 4, 2012

Rip-off and Scam Control, a New Work Option in Cuba

Rip-off and Scam Control, a New Work Option in Cuba
October 2, 2012
By Veronica Vega


HAVANA TIMES — In an otherwise anonymous dictionary entitled "On the
Incredible", I came across this quote: "In the fifteenth century,
workers in the mills substituted grains of wheat with a an indigestible
mineral dust and cartilage of dried cuttlefish and squid. This is one of
the earliest known cases of adulteration. "

Let me tell you, it came as quite a surprise because in our arrogance we
have come to think Cuba has a monopoly in outright deception and
thinking up scams, especially during the worst of the special period,
when things got so bad they were putting condoms in the pizzas instead
of cheese and when they were selling mince "meat" made from floor cloths.

Whatever. As Einstein once said, every crisis is a challenge that forces
us to exploit our potential to the full, and since scammers and rip-off
merchants are here to stay, it seems to me, we might as well create the
job of "Scam Detector ", especially with the renewed enthusiasm there is
today for self-employment.

I'm talking about someone you could consult at the crucial, delicate
moment of making a purchase, someone tuned into the endless variety of
the adulterations I see daily at food stands, in the fruit and
vegetables markets, in just about everything that ends up on the market
or in the shops with or without the sanction of the state.

Yes, state stores are also "infiltrated" by such products, and today
authenticity has taken on a new meaning and there is no way of
determining with any certainty the origins of many of these authentic
inventions.

For example:

I know that pumpkin slices (cut not only to make it easier to weigh but
to also raise customer confidence), are rubbed with sandpaper on the
side to give them a shine and make them look a brighter yellow, so they
don't qualify as watery.

Some time ago I found out that butter "sold under the counter", is mixed
with water and margarine and churned in a washing machine, put in the
freezer and then wrapped in bars of silver paper to take us all in. Just
put it in a bowl and wait a few hours and you'll see how much liquid and
solid there is in the concoction.

And take those bars of ground peanuts that used to be delicious. Now
they're mixed with wheat flour to save on the precious peanut kernels,
the same wheat flour they mix with the tomato puree to give it a
deceiving thickness.
Rather ironic, don't you think, after the great lengths our ancestors
went to adulterate wheat now Cubans are using wheat to adulterate all
sorts of other products.

And then there's the common everyday tomato. Be warned, the "tomato" in
many purees can be chili peppers, beetroot, or even carrots. Hence the
variety of shades of color (and flavors).

Then there's tamales. Mixed with processed cornmeal, they taste dry and
they look dry. But then again, corn is also very expensive.

Even those sweet little baby coconut balls we love so much, are grated
potato, it turns out, and to add insult to injury the bars are made of
"guava", God help us !, I wouldn't like to inquire into what they are
using to replace the traditional guava but the giveaway is that they are
so hard and sticky it's almost impossible now to cut off a strip with a
knife.

A former neighbor of my mother used to send the boys in the building to
bring her empty ice cream tubs, the kind people buy in the hard currency
stores and then chuck them in the trash can or on the street.

She'd go and buy a tub of Guarina ice cream in the Alamar fun park,
refill the tubs she got from the boys with her own recipe and with the
help of a "contact", slip them into the freezer of a foreign currency
kiosk where the unwitting customers bought them for their brand names:
Nestlé, Alondra, Varadero. At the same price of course as the originals.

More than one person has told me in disgust about buying a deodorant
only to discover it "seems filled with water, there's something wrong
with it." So scams and rip-offs are reaching top levels in the supply chain.

A friend told us of a family member of his who works in Coppelia, the
ice-cream parlor, whose standard of living is visibly rising while the
taste of the famous ice cream is visibly inconsistent and tasteless.

According to him, the problem can be traced to the same factory where
they multiply the artificial thickeners to create this bubble of
deception and disappointment they insist on calling ice cream.

Analyzing all this, I concluded that courses on "Scam Detectors." are
urgently needed. Maybe some expert can tell us why the bread we get with
our ration book lacks substance and is so volatile it makes you think
maybe some impressionist artist was at work on it.

But in this struggle for survival we've been engaged in since the
beginning of the never-ending (post '90s) special period economic
crisis, the real challenge would be if these guardians of probity could
not be bribed, like some inspectors and even social workers ended up
succumbing to.

However before anyone comes up with a solution, they could make a start
by printing "Anti Scam" booklets and sell them in the shops as part of
the University for All Program.

http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=79570

Prices and Taxes in Cuba

Prices and Taxes in Cuba
October 4, 2012
Fernando Ravsberg*

Even people with the lowest incomes, such as this retired teacher, are
also required to make purchases in hard-currency stores and pay inflated
prices.

HAVANA TIMES — At the last meeting of the Council of Ministers, it was
announced that one of their objectives is to "establish principles for
the setting of prices for the public using a comprehensive approach,"
while assuring a "monetary equilibrium between incomes and the
circulation of retail goods."

This issue is essential for a large portion of the nation's population,
especially those living off of government wages paid in Cuban pesos,
despite these people having to buy some staples in convertible pesos
(which are equivalent to the dollar).

It's true that many of these items have to be imported, though the
government assures us that the national economy is no longer capable of
subsidizing these as it had done for decades. However this isn't the
only factor that inflates retail prices.

Since the early 1990's when Cubans were allowed to use the dollar, a 240
percent sales tax was placed on all products sold in hard currency. It
was said that the objective of this was to redistribute incomes, using
the money from that tax to subsidize the poorest members of the population.

Recalling the Cuban filmmaker "Titon" (Tomas Gutierrez Alea), one could
say that the script wasn't bad but the staging was a disaster. The
measure was applied to all products, even basic necessities, some of
which are only sold in the state-run network of hard-currency stores.

The disappearance or reduction of subsidies required all citizens to buy
part of their family staples in those stores, where — thanks to that 240
percent sales tax — the cost of one quart of soybean cooking oil is
equivalent to the wages of several days of work.

Then too, there are the additional "fines" applied to goods by state
shopkeepers. There are imported products that I've seen cost 500 percent
more than in their countries of origin. All this shows that the price
increases aren't really aimed at redistribution in the interest of those
who are poorest.

To prevent this theft against consumers, the government recently
announced price leveling on 100 essential items, meaning that now all
hard-currency stores are required to sell those products at exactly the
same prices.

It seems logical that now they're establishing a system of pricing that
takes into account people's incomes, though one would think they'd also
eliminate or minimize the tax burden on staples.

To really achieve the redistribution of wealth, taxes should be applied
only on luxury goods, those products that aren't necessary for life.
Applying them on milk, cooking oil, soap and meat ends up being
punishment against the poor.

Kiosks have been opened in all the districts selling products in
convertible hard-currency. One needs only to stand around one of those
to witness how many of the people who shop there are clearly poor people
who have to save every penny to buy the most indispensible items.

A few days ago people were complaining that detergent was scarce in the
hard-currency stores. The problem was actually that only large packages
were being sold, while the fact is that many Cubans can barely manage to
scrape together the 50 cents (USD) for the smallest packets.

The gradual disappearance of ration books is perhaps a measure that's
economically reasonable, but if the subsidies are removed there have to
be guarantees that no one, not even the state-run stores, will be able
to speculate when it comes to people's food.

Citizens can understand the need to pay the costs that are entailed in
the international cost of oil, transportation and business expenses; but
artificially multiplying goods by almost two and a half times to arrive
at a final price seems excessive.

In other countries of the world, their value-added taxes can approach 20
percent, which is not a negligible amount demanded by their governments
given that VATs apply to everything sold in those countries, from a
liter of milk to a house.

To improve the situation in Cuba, the Council of Ministers wouldn't even
have to change the script; it would suffice to raise taxes only on
luxury goods, ensuring the lowest possible prices for staples.

If the announced "comprehensive approach" on pricing takes into account
"the incomes of consumers," surely this measure would have the
wholehearted support of the majority of Cubans, who would feel that the
reforms were no longer economic abstractions but were beginning to
benefit their daily lives.
—–
(*) An authorized Havana Times translation of the original published by
BBC Mundo.

http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=79688

Wednesday, October 3, 2012

Los ajustes de precios de Murillo

Los ajustes de precios de Murillo

En la reciente reunión ampliada del Consejo de Ministros de Cuba, el zar
económico Marino Murillo habló de "los ajustes realizados a la política
de precios minoristas"
Rolando Cartaya/ martinoticias.com
octubre 02, 2012

La reunión ampliada del Consejo de Ministros de Cuba que tuvo lugar el
pasado viernes produjo algunas noticias significativas acerca de las
reformas –"reformas no, compañero: actualización"-- que, a paso de
caracol y después de dilatados estudios y cautelosos proyectos "piloto",
decide introducir el gobierno de Raúl Castro.

Como la campaña electoral de Bill Clinton en 1992, Castro y su equipo
están convencidos de que el problema de Cuba "es la economía, estúpido",
y así una generosa parte de la reunión se centró en esos temas: las
cuentas por pagar y por cobrar en las empresas y el aparato estatal; la
restructuración de sectores económicos para eliminar excesos de
estructuras y plantillas; y las nuevas inversiones en el sector del turismo.

Se evaluó asimismo como positiva la marcha del arrendamiento de locales
a los trabajadores por cuenta propia, que actualmente beneficia a unos 5
mil 500 de ellos (según cifras oficiales, los cuentapropistas sumaban
371 mil en febrero de 2012, y se esperaban 240 mil más en el resto del año).

Una noticia bienvenida que había estado corriendo en las bolsas de
rumores de La Habana, fue la subordinación del Instituto de la Vivienda
al Ministerio de la Construcción, y el traspaso de sus funciones al
Instituto de Planificación Física. Aun después de promulgarse la ley de
compraventa el Instituto de la Vivienda seguía siendo un parásito que
chupaba la sangre de aquellos cubanos que podían costearse un nuevo techo.

Pero en la información de Granma sobre la reunión del Consejo de
Ministros hay un párrafo que, aunque podría llamar inmediatamente la
atención de cualquier cubano sumido en "la lucha" (porque versa sobre el
vital tema de los precios minoristas), resulta ser una especie de
acertijo de la Esfinge:

"Seguidamente, Marino Murillo Jorge, vicepresidente del Consejo de
Ministros, informó acerca de los ajustes realizados a la política de
precios minoristas que da respuesta a los Lineamientos del 66 al 71,
aprobados por el Sexto Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba. Sus
objetivos cardinales están dirigidos a establecer los principios para la
formación de precios a la población con un enfoque integral, y a
asegurar el equilibrio monetario entre los ingresos de la población y la
circulación mercantil minorista. Consideró que la propuesta que ahora se
hace, luego de un profundo estudio, pretende adecuar la política de
precios minoristas a la actualización en marcha de nuestra economía".

¿Cómo se come ese chocolate? ¿Se trata de ajustes de precios para mejor
o para peor? Porque la mayor parte de los cubanos del área peso están
"obstinados" con el aumento inflacionario de los precios y el costo de
vida, que junto con la supresión de gratuidades y subsidios "indebidos",
ha resultado en una progresiva devaluación de su poder adquisitivo.

Aunque el colega de Primavera Digital Juan González Febles me advirtió
que "lineamiento" es una palabra que en realidad se compone de dos de la
misma raíz semántica ("línea" y "miento"), consulté esa lista de buenos
deseos aprobada como programa social y económico por el Sexto Congreso
del Partido Comunista en 2011, para tratar de entender a qué se refería
Murillo.

En síntesis, los lineamientos del 66 al 71 prevén políticas de precios
congruentes con la "actualización"; revisar el sistema de precios para
poder medir correctamente los hechos económicos; mantener centralizados
los precios de los productos y servicios "que económica y socialmente
interese regular" y descentralizar los restantes; continuar eliminando
subsidios y gratuidades a productos y servicios, formando los precios
minoristas a partir de los costos (…), "teniendo en cuenta los niveles
de ingresos de la población".

También, evitar diferencias no justificadas de precios de productos
similares; y propiciar, en lo posible, la estabilidad de los precios de
las ofertas no estatales, en especial si están vinculadas con
necesidades básicas de la población.

​​…"TENIENDO EN CUENTA LOS NIVELES DE INGRESOS DE LA POBLACIÓN"

El economista independiente Oscar Espinosa Chepe considera que sería
correcto ajustar los precios minoristas en Cuba a los costos de mercado,
si no fuera porque obviamente los ajustes no toman en cuenta el
deterioro continuado del salario real.

Apunta Chepe que el propio gobierno reconoció que, en 2011, sólo los
productos que se venden en los mercados agropecuarios --adonde
obligatoriamente tiene que concurrir la población para comer hasta fin
de mes, pagando precios regulados por la oferta y la demanda—registraron
un incremento de precios de 20 %. Al mismo tiempo, también según cifras
oficiales, el salario promedio sólo creció en 1,5 %.

En un reportaje reciente en Cubanet, el periodista independiente Osmar
Lafitta titulaba que con la imparable subida de los precios de los
alimentos, "comer se ha vuelto una misión imposible en Cuba".

Afirma el autor que para comer malamente una vez al día --después de
consumir la cuota del racionamiento, que les alcanza para una semana—los
cubanos se ven obligados a destinar US $2.40 para un litro de aceite; US
$2,80 para un kilogramo de pollo congelado; y no menos de 5 dólares para
el azúcar, el arroz y los frijoles, que se venden por la libre. Sólo en
esas frugales compras se va más de la mitad de los menos de 20 dólares
del salario medio mensual.

Espinosa Chepe apunta que es el Estado quien fija de manera monopolista
los precios de artículos imprescindibles para la población que se venden
en divisas, como el aceite o la leche en polvo. Por lo general los grava
con un Impuesto de Valor Agregado de hasta 240 %, una de las ganancias
más altas del mundo sobre el precio de costo. Agrega que leyendo hojas
publicitarias de supermercados extranjeros ha podido comprobar la
marcada desproporción, y eso sin contar con que a los cubanos se les
paga en la devaluada moneda nacional.

A la subida de los precios de los productos, el economista independiente
añade la de los servicios: las crecientes deficiencias y carencias en
campos antiguamente funcionales como la salud y la educación, obligan a
pagar más para obtener un mejor servicio, o simplemente un servicio,
como cuando no aparece un turno con un especialista médico en fecha
razonable.

Aunque Raúl Castro ratificó el 26 de julio que por ahora no podrá haber
aumentos de salarios en la isla, otro analista, Orlando Freyre Santana,
señaló a martinoticias.com que a la redacción de "Granma" han estado
llegando cartas, incluso de revolucionarios, quejándose de que la
correlación entre precios y salarios "es insostenible".

​​NIVEL DE POBREZA

En un reciente artículo en el semanario Primavera Digital, Freyre
Santana cotejaba el salario medio del cubano con los indicadores
internacionales del nivel de pobreza

Según dichos parámetros, toda persona que subsista con menos de un dólar
por día debe considerarse pobre. El autor recuerda que las autoridades
cubanas siempre argumentaron que esto no era aplicable a su realidad
nacional, pues la libreta de racionamiento garantizaba la canasta básica
a precios subsidiados.

Pero el articulista señala que si bien tal razonamiento tenía cierta
validez antes de los años 90, cuando no existía la doble circulación
monetaria, y mediante la libreta podían adquirirse los artículos que
garantizaban la existencia diaria, ahora, a la apreciable merma en la
canasta básica, experimentada desde el Período Especial, se añade la
paulatina venta liberada, a precios cercanos a la oferta y la demanda,
de productos de primera necesidad como los artículos de aseo, que antes
se compraban a precios sumamente bajos.

Chepe señala que el jabón de baño y el tubo de pasta dental, por los que
se pagaban centavos, cuestan hoy de 4 a 5 pesos el primero, y de 6 a 8
pesos el segundo. Mientras tanto, el detergente de lavar subió de unos 3
pesos a 20 o 25 pesos.

Basándose en el tipo de cambio vigente del peso cubano contra el dólar o
el CUC, y en el indicador internacional de menos de un dólar por día
para determinar el nivel de pobreza, Freyre Santana considera que "nos
acercamos al momento de poder afirmar que cualquier cubano que perciba
mensualmente un ingreso mensual inferior a los 700 pesos cubanos deba
ser considerado pobre".

Cálculos recientes a nivel municipal citados por el comunicador
arrojaban una media salarial en el país de 445 pesos mensuales. Pero el
colaborador de Primavera Digital resalta que hay jubilados y empleados
de ciertas categorías laborales cuyos ingresos no rebasan los 300 pesos
al mes. Eso, a su juicio, habría que definirlo como pobreza extrema.

​​¿EXCESO DE CIRCULANTE?

Tanto Chepe como Freyre Santana admiten que los ajustes de precios de
Murillo ("asegurar el equilibrio monetario entre los ingresos de la
población y la circulación mercantil minorista") pudieran referirse a
que el gobierno ha detectado un exceso de dinero circulante motivado
entre otros factores por la limitada oferta de productos y servicios,
que trata de absorber aumentando los precios minoristas y otras formas
de recaudación, como las nuevas e impopulares tarifas aduaneras.

Pero los dos advierten que ese dinero excedente está en todo caso
desigualmente distribuido, en manos de miembros de la corte, deportistas
de alto rendimiento y artistas "embajadores", algunos cuentapropistas y
campesinos privados exitosos, y los escasos ciudadanos que reciben
remesas del extranjero más allá del nivel de estipendio a la sobrevida.

Freyre calcula que ese grupo selecto constituye hasta 30 % de la
población. Lo que deja al otro 70 % a merced de la "imparable" e
"insostenible" subida de los precios, decretada u originada por el Estado.

http://www.martinoticias.com/content/article/15355.html

Tuesday, October 2, 2012

"Solar del 11" una denuncia de la miseria cubana

"Solar del 11" una denuncia de la miseria cubana

Los intersticios de un solar habanero, la insalubridad, el hacinamiento
y las extremas condiciones de vida de sus habitantes en un corto del ISA.
octubre 02, 2012

Dos jóvenes cubanos documentaron las condiciones de extrema pobreza en
que viven 155 personas repartidas en las 43 cuarterías de un solar habanero.

Video:
http://youtu.be/6XHlUE0Qq5A

En el lugar que antes fue un bebedero de caballos y donde vivieron
esclavos, viven ahora hasta diez personas en un cuarto de 4 x 4.

El documental muestra la basura flotando en un charco de aguas verdosas,
las puertas de madera muy gastadas y en pedazos, las paredes destruidas
por la humedad, los cables eléctricos al descubierto y un montón de
niños correteando en los pasillos.

Los habitantes sueñan con "ampliar los cuartos", y repararlos para quede
un "edificio horizontal", los más ambiciosos quisieran que se
convirtiera en "patrimonio de la humanidad" y aseguran dicen que vivir
en el solar "no es tan malo como lo pintan".

Solar del 11, realizado por María Elisa Pérez y Duniesky Cantón
Fernández, fue premiado en un concurso de documentales auspiciado por
American University's Center for Latin American and Latino Studies (CLALS).

Los jóvenes realizaron el documental como un ejercicio del taller de
Video Periodismo del Instituto Superior de Arte, conducido por Eric
Hershberg, el director del CLALS.

La pieza se ha exhibido en varios centros de estudio de los Estados
Unidos y sus realizadores estuvieron en algunas de las presentaciones y
ya están de regreso en la isla.

http://www.martinoticias.com/content/article/15348.html

Cuba: ahora les toca el turno a los campesinos

Publicado el lunes, 10.01.12

Cuba: ahora les toca el turno a los campesinos
EFE

La Habana -- Orlando Lugo Fonte, el veterano presidente de la Asociación
Nacional de Agricultores Pequeños (ANAP) de Cuba, una de las
organizaciones sociales históricas de la revolución, fue relevado del
cargo que ocupaba desde 1987 y sustituido por Félix González Viego,
informaron medios locales.

La decisión se produjo durante el Pleno del Comité Nacional de la ANAP,
celebrado el domingo y encabezado por el vicepresidente primero del
gobierno, José Ramón Machado Ventura, de acuerdo con una nota publicada
en el periódico oficial Granma.

"El Pleno consideró y tuvo especial reconocimiento a la labor ejemplar y
de consagración desarrollada por Lugo Fonte durante los años que dirigió
la organización", indica la nota.

Lugo Fonte es un antiguo guerrillero de la Sierra Maestra que a lo largo
de su carrera política, desde el triunfo de la revolución en 1959, ocupó
cargos en el Partido Comunista de la isla, del que es fundador y miembro
de su Comité Central desde 1980, es diputado al Parlamento desde 1976 y
miembro del Consejo de Estado desde 1986.

Su sucesor, Félix González Viego, de 50 años, ejercía hasta ahora como
vicepresidente de la Asociación, que cuenta con 4,331 organizaciones de
base que agrupan a 331,874 afiliados.

González Viego es licenciado en Economía y ha ocupado diferentes
responsabilidades administrativas y políticas en la provincia central de
Villa Clara, donde fue durante ocho años presidente del comité de la
entidad campesina.

Esta sustitución se suma a la de la primera secretaria de la Unión de
Jóvenes Comunistas (UJC), Liudmila Alamo, realizada también durante un
pleno de esa organización la semana pasada.

Desde que Raúl Castro asumió el poder en febrero del 2008, ha efectuado
numerosos cambios en su gabinete, los más recientes los de los ministros
de Informática y Comunicaciones y de Industria Básica.

La Asociación Nacional de Agricultores Pequeños (ANAP) es una
organización de masas que fue creada el 17 de mayo de 1961.

El plan de reformas impulsadas por Castro para actualizar el modelo
económico socialista incluye el reordenamiento del sector agrícola para
aumentar la producción de alimentos, asunto considerado de "seguridad
nacional" porque el país gasta más de $1,500 millones al año en importar
el 80 por ciento de los víveres que consume.

La entrega de tierras en usufructo es uno de los principales proyectos
para reanimar la agricultura cubana emprendido durante el mandato de
Castro.

http://www.elnuevoherald.com/2012/10/01/1312357/reemplazan-en-cuba-ahora-a-dirigente.html

Cuba Replaces Chief of Farming Co-Ops

Cuba Replaces Chief of Farming Co-Ops

HAVANA – Orlando Lugo Fonte, the long-time president of Cuba's National
Association of Small Farmers, was relieved of the post he had occupied
since 1987, official media said on Monday.

The decision was made during the plenary meeting of the National
Committee of the association, known as ANAP, which was held on Sunday
and presided over by Cuban Vice President Jose Ramon Machado Ventura,
according to an article published in Communist Party daily Granma.

"The plenary session considered and particularly acknowledged the
exemplary and dedicated work by Lugo Fonte during the years he directed
the organization," the article said.

Lugo Fonte, a member of the guerrilla army that brought Fidel Castro to
power in 1959, helped found the Cuban Communist Party and has had seat
on the Central Committee since 1980 and a place in the Cabinet for the
last 26 years.

He is succeeded by ANAP No. 2 Felix Gonzalez Viego, 50, as head of the
organization, which has 331,874 members.

The replacement comes after last week's replacement of Liudmila Alamo as
head of the Young Communists Union.

Since Gen. Raul Castro formally assumed the presidency in February 2008,
he has made numerous changes in his Cabinet, the most recent ones
involving the ministers of computer science and communications and of
basic industry.

ANAP was created on May 17, 1961.

Its basic structure consists of 1,089 farming and ranching cooperatives.

It is also comprised of 3,242 credit and service cooperatives, which
maintain individual ownership of land and other means of production.

The reform plan pushed by Raul Castro to "update" the socialist model
includes the restructuring of the agricultural sector to increase food
production, a matter considered to be a national security issue because
the country spends more than $1.5 billion a year to import 80 percent of
the food it consumes.

The handing over of land to individuals and co-ops is one of the main
elements in revitalizing Cuban agriculture undertaken by Gen. Castro,
who succeeded ailing older brother Fidel. EFE

http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=596945&CategoryId=14510

Documentary exposes poverty in Cuba

Documentary exposes poverty in Cuba
Written By: Vanessa Remmers
October 1, 2012

There is a place in Havana where the drains run brown and green sludge
gathers around an old refrigerator at the water's edge. A onesie dries
on a clothesline as a child grabs a rusted window frame to swing over a
cracked pipeline.

Some say this was where the rich kept their horses before the Revolution
— a family now lives where a trough once stood. Others say this is where
the slaves lived.

But for Duniesky Canton Fernandez, this place was once home. For his
father, it is still home.

Fernandez's father is one of 155 inhabitants living in the 43 units of
Solar 11, a public housing unit declared uninhabitable by the Cuban
government. Forty-seven of Solar 11's inhabitants are 15 years old or
younger.

"I already was familiar with this solar, as my father lives there and
one of these tiny places actually belongs to me, and I wasn't surprised
at all at the living conditions because I was raised in a solar,"
Fernandez said in an email.

Fernandez, now 30 years old, returned to his childhood home in order to
film a documentary that draws attention to the living conditions of a
population quickly disappearing from Cuban and international attention.
Fernandez filmed the documentary, "Solar 11," along with his Instituto
Superior de Arte classmate Maria Elena Perez.

Although the living conditions did not surprise Fernandez, an interview
with Maritsa and Yasser, a couple four years younger than Fernandez and
living in Solar 11, stuck with him.

"[Both] live a life of necessity but still conserve happiness and
charisma typical of the Cuban," Fernandez said in an email.

Perez, 25, comes from a different background than Fernandez. She
describes her family as an orchestra, her father a documentary filmmaker
and her mother a dentist. When she stepped into the world of those who
live in the solar, she was stepping into a new world.

"My reaction was like an explorer who sits at home and has not seen the
elephant in her garden. Because the place is huge and more than 155
people live there," Perez said in an email.

One of the last images of the documentary is an old woman painting the
words "Live Fidel C.D.R. #11" while she notes that 101 of Solar 11's 155
inhabitants are 15 to 64 years old.

CDR, the Committee of the Defense of the Revolution, was a network of
neighborhood committees established by Fidel Castro in 1960 to root out
anti-revolutionary activity immediately following the overthrow of
Fulgencio Batista.

Fernandez says that, ironically, the organization has created an
atmosphere of neighbor spying on neighbor.

For some of the Solar 11 inhabitants who lived through the revolution,
the public housing and the CDR operating within the solar are not so
bad. Yet some of the younger Solar 11 inhabitants dream of getting out.

"Generations have lived different stages of the same process, so the
older generation has declined [to move] in their faith and courage to
stay there," Perez said in an email. "On the other hand, the new
generation is experiencing the transformation of the place because of
its growth. They don't recoil from their existence there, it's part of
their daily lives."

When the documentary won an American University contest, Duniesky and
Perez were granted a trip to the United States, making them two of the
first Cuban students to visit America.

The Middle Passage Project at the College of William and Mary, which
explores the effects of the transatlantic slave trade and is spearheaded
by Professor Joanne Braxton, sponsored the student's trip to the College.

Perez entered the College classroom with a large smile and a loud,
"Buenos tardes." Fernandez was quieter, but offered a polite "hola" as
their American University host introduced them to the College students
whose class they were shadowing.

"The opportunity to show a Cuba different from the one the world
imagines," Fernandez said of his desire to come to America.

Although both Fernandez and Perez appreciated the freedom of expression
and information while in America, both thought the United States should
change its role in regard to developing countries like Cuba.

"Politics is not my forte, but I understand that if someone big wants an
apple, we should all cling to the tree where we live. So a change of
role would not hurt," Perez said in an email.

The materialism of America was another culture shock.

"The biggest difference is the money," Perez said in an email. "I think
some people are as connected to their environment as they are to their
own lives. Others lack this connection, because they see only the
surface of the culture they are supposed to emulate, like being good
students or reaching the pinnacle of success in their careers."

Perez and Fernandez returned to Cuba last week. Perez hopes to revisit
Solar 11, but this time with the goal of advocating for better living
conditions. Fernandez plans to continue to improve the collective
reality through documentary work.

"Cuba is my mother and a mother is accepted. I like Cuban culture, the
warmth of her people, their constant laughter, even when something
hurts," Perez said in an email. "Cuba needs a mental revolution … an
exorcism of her ills. I'd like to change what hurts. What she does not
see."

http://flathatnews.com/2012/10/01/documentary-exposes-poverty-in-cuba/